Izinto ezivunjululwe ngumgubungeli ikakhulu ngumhlaba, amalahle, udaka, umhlaba kunye namatye emva kokuba zikhululekile. Xa sijonga uphuhliso loomatshini bokwakha kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso lwezixhobo zokugubungela lukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo zokugubungela ziye zaba zezona zixhobo zokwakha zibalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lobunjineli.
Isizukulwana sokuqala see-excavator: ukuvela kwee-motors zombane kunye nee-injini zokutsha zangaphakathi kwenza ukuba ii-excavator zibe nezixhobo zombane eziphambili nezifanelekileyo, ngoko ke iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-excavator zazalwa enye emva kwenye. Ngo-1899, kwavela i-excavator yokuqala yombane. Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuQala, ii-injini zedizili nazo zasetyenziswa kwi-excavator. Le injini yedizili (okanye i-electrical motor) i-mechanical excavator yayiyeyona sizukulwana sokuqala see-excavator.
Isizukulwana sesibini see-excavator: Ngokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwetekhnoloji ye-hydraulic, i-excavator inesixhobo sokudlulisa esinobuchule ngakumbi nesisebenzayo. Ukudluliselwa kwe-hydraulic endaweni yokudluliselwa kwe-mechanical lunyathelo olukhulu kwitekhnoloji ye-excavator. I-hydraulic excavator yokuqala eJamani yazalwa ngo-1950. I-hydraulic transmission ye-mechanical transmission sisizukulwana sesibini see-excavator.
Isizukulwana sesithathu see-excavator: Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki, ingakumbi itekhnoloji yekhompyutha, kwenza ukuba i-excavator ibe nenkqubo yokulawula ezenzekelayo, kwaye ikwayenza i-excavator iphuhle kwicala lokusebenza okuphezulu, i-automation kunye nobukrelekrele. Ukuhluma kwe-mechatronics kwenzeka malunga nowe-1965, kwaye ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji ye-mechatronics kwii-hydraulic excavator ezenziwe ngobuninzi kwakumalunga nowe-1985, xa injongo ephambili yayikukonga amandla. Ii-elektroniki ze-excavator luphawu lwesizukulwana sesithathu see-excavator.
Iindawo zokumba zenziwe ngamacandelo amabini ikakhulu: iindawo zoomatshini kunye neendawo ze-elektroniki.
1. Iindawo zoomatshini ziindawo zoomatshini kuphela ezibonelela ngenkxaso yamandla, ikakhulu kubandakanya iipompo ze-hydraulic, iibhakethi zokubamba, ii-boom, iitrekhi, ii-injini, njl.njl.
2. Izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziyinxalenye yokulawula ukuqhuba ye-excavator, ezisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iindawo zoomatshini ukuze zenze umsebenzi ofanelekileyo, kubandakanya ikakhulu inguqulelo yekhompyutha, isilawuli sokuhamba kwe-hydraulic, i-angle sensor, i-diesel meter, i-fuse, i-ignition switch, i-oil suction pump, njl.njl.
Iindawo zoomatshini kunye nenxalenye yokulawula idrayivu ziyahambelana. Indawo yokulawula ye-elektroniki isetyenziselwa ukuqhuba nokulungelelanisa umsebenzi osebenzayo wenxalenye nganye yoomatshini. Imeko yenxalenye yoomatshini idluliselwa kwinxalenye yokulawula ye-elektroniki ngokusebenzisa iindawo ze-elektroniki, ukuze kulungelelaniswe umsebenzi womgubungeli ngempumelelo ngakumbi ukuze kufikeleleke ekusebenzeni kwawo okuphezulu.
Isixhobo esisebenzayo sesona sixhobo siphambili somgubungeli we-hydraulic. Sisetyenziswa kakhulu ukumba umhlaba ongaphantsi komphezulu wokumisa, kodwa sinokumba umhlaba ongaphantsi kobude bokusika obuphezulu. Ukongeza ekumbeni, ekufakeni imisele nasekulayisheni, singenza nomsebenzi olula wokulinganisa indawo. Umsebenzi wokumba ufanelekile ekumbeni umhlaba we-grade Ⅰ~Ⅳ, kwaye kufuneka indlela ye-hydraulic hammer okanye yokuqhumisa kwi-grade Ⅴ engentla.
Isixhobo sokusebenza nge-backhoe senziwe nge-boom, stick, bucket, rocker, connecting rod, kunye nemibhobho ye-hydraulic yesixhobo sokusebenza kuquka i-boom cylinder, stick cylinder kunye ne-bucket cylinder.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2022